Screening and Diagnosis of Diabetes

Tests for screening and diagnosis of DM are readily available. The test recommended for screening is the same as that for making diagnosis, with the result that a positive screen is equivalent to a diagnosis of pre-diabetes or DM. Although about 25% of patients with type 2 DM already have microvascular complications at the time of diagnosis suggesting that they have had the disease for more than 5 years at the time of diagnosis. It is still based on the American Diabetic Association (ADA) guidelines of 1997 or World Health Organization (WHO) National diabetic group criteria of 2006, which is for a single raised glucose reading with symptoms (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weight loss), otherwise raised values on two occasions, of either fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ³7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), two hours after the oral dose a plasma glucose ³11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).

The 1997 ADA recommendations for diagnosis of DM focus on the FPG, while WHO focuses on the OGTT. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fructosamine is also still useful for determining blood sugar control over time. However, practicing physicians frequently employ other measures in addition to those recommended. In July 2009, the International Expert Committee (IEC) recommended the additional diagnostic criteria of an HbA1c result ³6.5% for DM. This committee suggested that the use of the term pre-diabetes may be phased out but identified the range of HbA1c levels ³6.0% and <6.5% to identify those at high risk of developing DM.

As with the glucose-based tests, there is no definite threshold of HbA1c at which normality ends and DM begins. The IEC has elected to recommend a cut-off point for DM diagnosis that emphasizes specificity, commenting that this balanced the stigma and cost of mistakenly identifying individuals as diabetic against the minimal clinical consequences of delaying the diagnosis in a patient with an HbA1c level <6.5%.

Endocrinology and Metabolism: Open Access is a peer reviewed journal which focuses on the publication of current research and developments on the endocrine glands and its secretions with their coordination with metabolism and reproduction.

Endocrinology and Metabolism: Open Access Journal is using Editorial Tracking System to maintain quality and transparency to the author in the peer-review process. Review processing will be performed by the editorial board members of the Journal Endocrinology and Metabolism: Open Access or by Reviewers (outside experts in the field). Two independent reviewer’s approval (Minimum reviewer’s approval) followed by editor approval is obligatory for acceptance of any manuscript excluding an editorial.

Journal is now accepting manuscripts for volume 5 for year 2021. We publish minimum of 5 and maximum of 20 articles per issue every month. Submissions to our journal are given high priority during the process.

Submit your manuscript at:

https://www.imedpub.com/submissions/endocrinology-metabolism-open-access.html 

You may also send the manuscript as an attachment to mail endometabol@emedscholar.com

Media Contact
Eliza Grace
Associate Managing Editor
Endocrinology and Metabolism: Open Access
E-Mail: endometabol@emedscholar.com

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